Nguye^~n Du

Ba^'t tri tam ba'ch du+ nie^n ha^.u
Thie^n ha. ha` nha^n kha^'p To^' Nhu+ ?

Nguye^~n Du tu+. la` To^' Nhu+, hie^.u la` Thanh Hie^n, bie^.t hie^.u la` Ho^`ng So+n la.p ho^., sinh na(m A^'t Da^.u du+o+'i trie^`u Le^ Ca?nh Hu+ng (1765); ngu+o+`i xa~ Tie^n DDie^`n, huye^.n Nghi Xua^n, ti?nh Nghe^. Ti~nh.
La` do`ng do~i tra^m anh the^' phie^.t: cha la` Xua^n Qua^.n Co^ng Nguye^~n Nghie^~m, tu+`ng la`m to+'i Te^? Tu+o+'ng trie^`u Le^ ma.t; me. la` ngu+o+`i vo+. thu+' ba, nhu~ danh Tra^`n Thi. Ta^`n ngu+o+`i Kinh Ba('c; anh la` Toa?n Qua^.n Co^ng Nguye^~n Kha?n cu~ng la`m to+'i Tham Tu.ng, Tha'i Ba?o trong trie^`u\.
Sinh ra trong mo^.t gia ddi`nh quan la.i, co' truye^`n tho^'ng va(n ho.c, na(ng khie^'u tho+ va(n cu?a Nguye^~n Du so+'m co' ddie^`u kie^.n na?y no+? va` pha't trie^?n. Tu+` nho? o^ng dda~ no^?i tie^'ng tho^ng minh di~nh ngo^.\. Na(m 1783, Nguye^~n Du thi hu+o+ng dda^.u Tam Tru+o+`ng. Vi` le~ gi` kho^ng ro~, o^ng kho^ng tie^'p tu.c thi le^n nu+~a\.
Na(m 1789, Nguye^~n Hue^. ke'o binh ra Ba('c, dda.i tha('ng qua^n Thanh. Nguye^~n Du, vi` tu+ tu+o+?ng trung qua^n phong kie^'n, kho^ng chi.u ra la`m quan cho nha` Ta^y So+n.
Na(m 1802, Nguye^~n A'nh la^.t ddo^? Ta^y So+n Nguye^~n Quang Toa?n, vo+`i Nguye^~n Du ra la`m quan; o^ng tu+` ma~i ma` kho^ng ddu+o+.c ne^n mie^~n cu+o+~ng tua^n me^.nh. Na(m 1805, o^ng ddu+o+.c tha(ng DDo^ng Ca'c ddie^.n ho.c si~, tu+o+'c Du DDu+'c Ha^`u\. Na(m 1813, tha(ng Ca^`n Cha'nh ddie^.n ho.c si~, ddu+o+.c cu+? la`m Cha'nh Su+' ddi Trung Quo^'c. Sau khi ve^` nu+o+'c, na(m 1815, o^ng ddu+o+.c tha(ng Le^~ Bo^. Hu+~u Tham Tri\.
DDu+o+`ng co^ng danh cu?a Nguye^~n Du vo+'i nha` Nguye^~n cha(?ng co' ma^'y tro+? nga.i\. O^ng tha(ng chu+'c nhanh va` giu+~ chu+'c tro.ng, song cha(?ng ma^'y khi vui, thu+o+`ng u ua^'t ba^'t dda('c chi'. Theo DDa.i Nam Lie^.t Truye^.n: ``Nguye^~n Du la` ngu+o+`i nga.o nghe^~, tu+. phu., song be^` ngoa`i to? ve? giu+~ gi`n, cung ki'nh, mo^~i la^`n va`o cha^`u vua thi` ra da'ng so+. se^.t nhu+ kho^ng bie^'t no'i na(ng gi`...''
Na(m 1820, Minh Ma.ng le^n ngo^i, cu+? o^ng ddi su+' la^`n nu+~a, nhu+ng la^`n na`y chu+a ki.p ddi thi` o^ng ddo^.t ngo^.t qua ddo+`i\.
DDa.i Nam Lie^.t Truye^.n vie^'t: ``DDe^'n khi o^'m na(.ng, o^ng kho^ng chi.u uo^'ng thuo^'c, ba?o ngu+o+`i nha` so+` tay cha^n. Ho. thu+a dda~ la.nh ca? ro^`i\. O^ng no'i "ddu+o+.c" ro^`i ma^'t; kho^ng tro^'i la.i ddie^`u gi`.''
Ta'c pha^?m tie^u bie^?u: ngoa`i Truye^.n Kie^`u no^?i tie^'ng ra, Nguye^~n Du co`n dde^? la.i Va(n Te^' Tha^.p Loa.i Chu'ng Sinh, Va(n Te^' So^'ng Hai Co^ Ga'i Tru+o+`ng Lu+u, Tha'c Lo+`i Trai Phu+o+`ng No'n ba(`ng chu+~ No^m, va` ba ta^.p tho+ chu+~ Ha'n: Thanh Hie^n Thi Ta^.p, Nam Trung Ta.p Nga^m, va` Ba('c Ha`nh Ta.p Lu.c.

Nha^.n xe't ve^` Nguye^~n Du va` Truye^.n Kie^`u:

Tie^n Phong Mo^.ng Lie^n DDu+o+`ng Chu? Nha^n: ``... Xem cho^~ gia^'c mo^.ng ddoa.n tru+o+`ng ti?nh da^.y ma` ca(n duye^n va^~n go+~ chu+a ro^`i; khu'c dda`n ba.c me^.nh ga?y xong ma` oa'n ha^.n va^~n co`n chu+a ha?, thi` da^~u ddo+`i xa ngu+o+`i khua^'t, kho^ng ddu+o+.c mu.c ki'ch ta^.n no+i, nhu+ng lo+`i va(n ta? ra hi`nh nhu+ ma'u cha?y o+? dda^`u ngo.n bu't, nu+o+'c ma('t tha('m o+? tre^n to+` gia^'y, khie^'n ai ddo.c dde^'n cu~ng pha?i tha^'m thi'a nga^.m ngu`i, ddau ddo+'n nhu+ ddu+'t ruo^.t. The^' thi` go.i te^n la` DDoa.n Tru+o+`ng Ta^n Thanh cu~ng pha?i\.''
``Ta nha^n lu'c ddo.c he^'t ca? mo^.t lu+o+.t, mo+'i la^'y la`m la. ra(`ng: To^' Nhu+ tu+? du.ng ta^m dda~ kho^?, tu+. su+. dda~ khe'o, ta? ca?nh dda~ he^.t, dda`m ti`nh dda~ thie^'t, ne^'u kho^ng pha?i co' con ma('t tro^ng tha^'u ca? sa'u co~i, ta^'m lo`ng nghi~ suo^'t ca? nghi`n ddo+`i, thi` ta`i na`o co' ca'i bu't lu+.c a^'y\...''
Phong Tuye^'t chu? nha^n: ``DDem bu't mu+.c ta? le^n tre^n to+` gia^'y na`o nhu+~ng ca^u vu+`a la^m ly, vu+`a u?y mi., vu+`a ddo^'n to?a, vu+`a gia?i thu+, ve~ he^.t ra ngu+o+`i ta`i me^.nh trong mu+o+`i ma^'y na(m tro+`i, cu~ng la` vi` ca'i ca?nh li.ch duye^.t cu?a ngu+o+`i a^'y co' la^m ly, u?y mi., ddo^'n to?a, gia?i thu+, mo+'i co' ca'i va(n ta? he^.t ra nhu+ va^.y\...''
Pha.m Quy`nh: ``Truye^.n Kie^`u co`n, tie^'ng ta co`n; tie^'ng ta co`n, nu+o+'c ta co`n...''
Du+o+ng Qua?ng Ha`m: ``tre^n tu+` ca'c ba^.c va(n nha^n thi si~, du+o+'i dde^'n ca'c ke? thu+o+`ng da^n phu. nhu., ai cu~ng thi'ch ddo.c, thi'ch nga^m va` thuo^.c ddu+o+.c i't nhie^`u\...''
Ca dao:
DDa`n o^ng cho+' ke^? Phan Tra^`n
DDa`n ba` cho+' ke^? Thu'y Va^n Thu'y Kie^`u\...

Huy`nh Thu'c Kha'ng: `` (Truye^.n Kie^`u) ve^` ma(.t my~ thua^.t ro~ la` cu+.c to^'t, ma` o+? trong ddu+.ng nhu+~ng va^.t co' cha^'t ddo^.c...''
Nguye^~n Ba'ch Khoa: ``Truye^.n Kie^`u la` mo^.t thu+' va(n chu+o+ng dda~ o+? va`o mo^.t vi. tri' pha?n tie^'n ho'a lu'c ddu+o+ng tho+`i cu?a Nguye^~n Du\. No' chu+'a chan mo^.t cha^'t ta`n he'o, tie^u ma\. No' la` ke^'t tinh pha^?m cu?a mo^.t cha(.ng ddu+o+`ng suy ddo^`i nha^'t tre^n tra`ng ky` tie^'n ho'a cu?a ca' ti'nh Vie^.t Nam...''
Hoa`i Thanh: `` (Truye^.n Kie^`u) la` mo^.t tie^'ng ke^u thu+o+ng, mo^.t ba?n to^' ca'o, mo^.t gia^'c mo+\... mo^.t ca'i nhi`n be^' ta('c...''
Xua^n Die^.u: `` (Truye^.n Kie^`u) la` mo^.t tie^'ng kho'c vi~ dda.i\... Nguye^~n Du dda~ nhi`n tha^'y, dda~ ca?m xu'c, dda~ to^?ng ke^'t ha`ng va.n va.n ddau kho^? cu?a ngu+o+`i ddo+`i du+o+'i che^' ddo^. phong kie^'n suy ddo^`i\...''
To^' Hu+~u: ``To^' Nhu+ o+i, le^. cha?y quanh tha^n Kie^`u\...''
Che^' Lan Vie^n: ``Nguye^~n Du vie^'t Kie^`u, dda^'t nu+o+'c ho'a tha`nh va(n...''
Khuye^'t danh: ``Ho^`n Nguye^~n Du pha?ng pha^'t mo^~i trang Kie^`u''

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