Phong Kie^`u Da. Ba.c
-- Nguye^n ta'c Tru+o+ng Ke^'
Tre^n dda^y la` ba`i Phong Kie^`u Da. Ba.c cu?a thi si~
Tru+o+ng Ke^'
ddo+`i DDu+o+`ng (the^' ky? thu+' VIII). Cuo^'n "Tho+ DDu+o+`ng" cu?a
Tra^`n Tro.ng San co' ghi la.i co' mo^.t truye^`n thuye^'t kha'
la~ng ma.n ve^`
ba`i na`y\. Mo^.t dde^m tra(ng, su+ cu. tru. tri` chu`a Ha`n San, ca?m
hu+'ng nghi~ ra hai ca^u tho+ :
So+ tam so+ tu+' nguye^.t mo^ng lung
Ba'n tu+. nga^n ca^u ba'n tu+. cung
Thao thu+'c ma~i trong pho`ng ma` su+ cu. kho^ng nghi~ ra hai ca^u
tie^'p\. Tu+. nhie^n co' tie^'ng go~ cu+?a\. Thi` ra la` chu' tie^?u cu~ng tra(`n tro.c vi` 2 ca^u tho+ mi`nh mo+'i nghi~ ra:
Nha^'t phie^'n ngo.c ho^` pha^n lu+o+~ng ddoa.n
Ba'n tra^`m thu?y dde^? ba'n phu` kho^ng
nhu+ng cu~ng kho^ng la`m tie^'p ddu+o+.c va` xin tha^`y giu'p. Nghe xong,
su+ cu. mu+`ng qua', quy` xuo^'ng ta. Pha^.t. Vi` qua? tha^.t 2 ca^u tho+
cu?a chu' tie^?u a(n kho+'p vo+'i 2 ca^u cu?a su+ cu., tha`nh ba`i tu+'
tuye^.t ma` Tra^`n Tro.ng San dda~ di.ch nhu+ sau:
Mo^`ng ba, mo^`ng bo^'n, tra(ng mo+`
Nu+?a du+o+`ng mo'c ba.c nu+?a nhu+ cung tro+`i
Mo^.t bi`nh ngo.c tra('ng chia hai
Nu+?a chi`m dda'y nu+o+'c nu+?a ca`i tu+`ng kho^ng
La`m xong ba`i tho+ na`y lu'c nu+?a dde^m, su+ cu. ba?o chu' tie^?u dda'nh
chuo^ng ta. o+n Pha^.t. Ti`nh co+` dde^m ho^m ddo' tre^n thuye^`n, thi si~
Tru+o+ng Ke^' cu~ng kho^ng ngu? ddu+o+.c vi` kho^ng nghi~ ddu+o+.c ca^u
tie^'p cho hai ca^u :"Nguye^.t la.c o^ dde^`...". Tu+. nhie^n
chuo^ng chu`a
Ha`n San ddo^? dde^'n, go+.i hu+'ng cho thi nha^n hoa`n ta^'t ba`i Phong
Kie^`u Da. Ba.c:
Qua. ke^u, tra(ng la^?n su+o+ng tro+`i
Buo^`n hiu gia^'c ngu? lu+?a cha`i, be^'n phong
DDe^m Co^ To^ va(?ng tie^'ng chuo^ng
Chu`a Ha`n San dde^'n thuye^`n so^ng Phong Kie^`u
-- Tra^`n Tro.ng San di.ch
Di~ nhie^n la` nhu+~ng su+. tru`ng ho+.p la. lu`ng trong truye^`n thuye^'t
na`y tu+o+ng ddo^'i kho' tin. Ho.c gia? Tra^`n Tro.ng Kim co' mo^.t quan
nie^.m kha'c ve^` ba`i na`y\. Trong cuo^'n "DDu+o+`ng Thi", cu. vie^'t:
"Co^ To^ tha`nh la` tha`nh To^ Cha^u thuo^.c ti?nh Giang To^, ga^`n
Thu+o+.ng Ha?i, co' mo^.t con so^ng ra ddo' tu+` Tru+o+`ng Giang. Tre^n
bo+` con so^ng a^'y co' ca'i chu`a te^n go.i Ha`n So+n Tu+., ca'ch To^
Cha^u ddo^. 10 da(.m Ta`u, tu+'c la` 6,7 ca^y so^'. Chu`a a^'y tha^'p
nho?, cha(?ng co' ca'i gi` dda(.c bie^.t. O+? ca'i vu+o+`n sau chu`a co'
ca'i ga'c chuo^ng va` ca'i chuo^ng. Co' le~ thi nha^n ddo+`i DDu+o+`ng
nghe tie^'ng chuo^ng dda'nh o+? cho^~ a^'y\. Ca?nh va^.t bie^'n thie^n,
nay ngu+o+`i du li.ch dde^'n dda^y kho^ng tha^'y ca^y phong dda^u ca?,
va`o chu`a thi` tha^'y ba`i tho+ na`y do Khang Hu+~u Vi ddo+`i Thanh ma.t
vie^'t ra, chu+~ to ba, bo^'n ta^'c, kha('c o+? tre^n bia\.
Ba`i tho+ na`y hay o+? a^m ddie^.u, i't khi la`m ddu+o+.c nhu+ the^'. Ta?
ta^m ti`nh mo^.t ngu+o+`i kha'ch xa, dde^m na(`m mo^.t mi`nh tre^n chie^'c
thuye^`n, nghe tie^'ng chuo^ng chu`a xa xa\."
Sau na(m 1946, cu. Tra^`n Tro.ng Kim dda~ qua Trung Quo^'c mo^.t tho+`i
gian. Co' le~ cu. dda~ ddi qua chu`a Ha`n San tre^n ddu+o+`ng dde^'n
Thu+o+.ng Ha?i, va` dda~ "bu+.c do.c" vi` tha^'y ca?nh tha^.t kho^ng phu`
ho+.p vo+'i ca?nh trong tu+o+?ng tu+o+.ng. Tuy nhie^n cu. va^~n ca?m a^m
ddie^.u ba`i na`y ma` di.ch theo the^? lu.c ba't :
Qua. ke^u, tra(ng la(.n, su+o+ng ro+i
Lu+?a cha`i, ca^y ba~i, ddo^'i ngu+o+`i na(`m co
Con thuye^`n dda^.u be^'n Co^ To^
Nu+?a dde^m nghe tie^'ng chuo^ng chu`a Ha`n So+n.
Cu~ng pha?i no'i the^m la` ba`i Phong Kie^`u Da. Ba.c co' "thu?y" ma`
kho^ng co' "so+n". Vu`ng To^ Cha^u ra^'t ba(`ng pha(?ng, ne^n chu`a Ha`n
San na(`m ga^`n bo+` so^ng. Ha`n San chi? la` te^n vi. ta(ng sa'ng la^.p
chu`a\. Tho+`i ddie^?m cu. Tra^`n dde^'n vie^'ng chu`a Ha`n San la` ngay
sau the^' chie^'n thu+' hai, ne^n cha('c ca?nh tri' co`n ra^'t tie^u
ddie^`u\. Theo lo+`i mo^.t ngu+o+`i ba.n Trung Quo^'c cu?a to^i, que^
qua'n vu`ng Thu+o+.ng Ha?i, thi` nay khuo^n vie^n chu`a Ha`n San dda~
ddu+o+.c tru`ng tu la.i\. Ha`ng na(m dde^'n lu'c Giao Thu+`a, pha^.t tu+?
vu`ng To^ Cha^u va^~n ta^.p trung ga^`n chu`a Ha`n San de^? nghe tie^'ng
chuo^ng chu`a\. Hi`nh nhu+ va`o khoa?ng 10 the^' ky? tru+o+'c, mo^.t vi.
ta(ng Nha^.t Ba?n dda~ ddu+a chuo^ng chu`a Ha`n San ve^` Nha^.t, va`
chi'nh phu? Nha^.t mo+'i trao la.i chuo^ng na`y cho Trung Quo^'c. Ne^n co'
the^? chuo^ng chu`a Ha`n San ba^y gio+` chi'nh la` chuo^ng dda~ go+.i
hu+'ng cho Tru+o+ng Ke^' va`o khoa?ng 12 the^' ky? tru+o+'c.
No'i dde^'n di.ch tho+ DDu+o+`ng, ta kho^ng the^? que^n Ta?n DDa`. Sau
dda^y la` ba?n di.ch cu?a ngu+o+`i thi si~ so^ng DDa` nu'i Ta?n:
Tra(ng ta` tie^'ng qua. ke^u su+o+ng
Lu+?a cha`i ca^y be^'n sa^`u vu+o+ng gia^'c ho^`
Thuye^`n ai dda^.u be^'n Co^ To^
Nu+?a dde^m nghe tie^'ng chuo^ng chu`a Ha`n San.
Nhu+ the^', to^i va^~n chi? ti`m ddu+o+.c 3 ba`i di.ch ba`i Phong Kie^`u
Da. Ba.c theo the^? lu.c ba't. Hy vo.ng se~ co' ngu+o+`i ti`m ddu+o+.c ba?n
di.ch theo the^? tha^'t ngo^n lua^.t. DDe^? ta.m cha^'m du+'t ba`i na`y,
to^i xin dda(ng ba?n di.ch tie^'ng Anh cu?a Witter Bynner (tri'ch tu+`
cuo^'n Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty), ma(.c du` ba?n di.ch
na`y co' va`i ddie^?m sai (ca^u 2, va` chu`a Ha`n San kho^ng na(`m tre^n "Nu'i
La.nh") :
A night mooring near Maple Bridge
While I watch the moon go down, a crow craws through the frost
Under the shadows of maple trees a fisherman moves with his torch
And I hear, from beyond Su Chou, from the temple on Cold Mountain
Ringing for me, here in my boat, the midnight bell.
Ghi The^m:
Ga^`n -da^y ho+n, mo^.t du kha'ch Vie^.t Nam dda~ co' di.p dde^'n tha(m
chu`a Ha`n San va` dda~ ghi la.i ca?m tu+o+?ng nhu+ sau (ba'o Nga`y Nay
Minnesota, so^' 137, 28/2/1995) :
"..Ha`n So+n kho^ng pha?i la` mo^.t nu'i la.nh, ma` la` te^n mo^.t vi.
su+ kie^m thi si~ tru. tri` ta.i ngo^i chu`a na`y, xa^y tu+` the^' ky?
thu+' VII, sau co' ddu+o+.c tu su+?a la.i\. Tu+o+`ng chu`a ma`u va`ng a'o
ca` sa tre^n ne^`n ca^y xanh, tro^ng ra^'t dde.p khi ddu+'ng nhi`n tu+`
tre^n chie^'c ca^`u vo^`ng, ca^`u Phong Kie^`u, tuy ra(`ng hie^.n nay
kho^ng co`n ca^y phong na`o be^n ca^`u, ma` chi? co`n hai ha`ng ca^y phong
hai be^n con ddu+o+`ng nho? da^~n to+'i ca^`u na`y\..."
Courtesy anh
Nguye^~n Tru+o+`ng La^m.
Ca'ch dda^y i't la^u to^i co' ddu+o+.c ddo.c mo^.t ba`i vie^'t ve^`
"Phong Kie^`u da. ba.c", nhu+ng kho^ng co`n nho+' chi'nh xa'c. Theo
ta'c gia? ba`i vie^'t ddo', o^ng ta dde^'n tha(m chu`a Ha`n San va`
ddu+o+.c su+ cu. cu?a chu`a gia?i thi'ch ve^` ba`i tho+ na`y\. Va`
theo nhu+ va^.y, hai ca^u tho+ dda^`u pha?i vie^'t la` :
Nguye^.t la.c O^ DDe^` su+o+ng ma~n thie^n
Giang phong, ngu+ ho?a ddo^'i Sa^`u Mie^n
co' nghi~a la`:
Tra(ng la(.n sau tho^n O^ DDe^`, su+o+ng ki'n tro+`i
Ca^y phong be^n so^ng, lu+?a thuye^`n cha`i, ddo^'i
vo+'i nu'i Sa^`u Mie^n
O+? phi'a ngoa`i tha`nh Co^ To^, ga^`n chu`a Ha`n San, co' tho^n O^ DDe^`,
va` nu'i Sa^`u Mie^n. Chu+~ Ha'n dda~ ga^y ra kho^ng bie^'t bao nhie^u
tru+o+`ng ho+.p nha^`m la^~n ra('c ro^'i giu+~a danh tu+` va` danh tu+`
rie^ng, vo+'i da^'u cha^'m, pha^?y nga('t ca^u\... Tuy nhie^n, to^i va^~n
thi'ch "tie^'ng qua. ke^u su+o+ng" ho+n.
Courtesy anh DDo^ng A
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